定义列表

python中用中括号[]表示列表，列表元素用逗号（,）隔开

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']
>>> print(cells)
['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC']
定义一个空的列表
>>> cells = []
>>> print(cells)
[]

索引介绍及访问列表元素

python列表中，索引是从0开始的，而不是1，所以第一个元素索引为0。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']
>>> print(cells[0])
cellA
>>> print(cells[1])
cellB
>>> print(cells[2])
cellC
>>> print(cells[-1]) #指定索引[-1]可以让python返回列表最后一个元素。
cellC
>>> print(cells[-2]) #指定索引[-2]可以让python返回列表倒数第二个元素。
cellB

修改列表元素

1
2
3
4
5
6
>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']
>>> print(cells)
['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC']
>>> cells[0] = 'blockA'
>>> print(cells)
['blockA', 'cellB', 'cellC']

添加元素到列表”append”

1
2
3
4
>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']
>>> cells.append('cellD')
>>> print(cells)
['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']

列表中插入元素”insert”

1
2
3
4
>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']
>>> cells.insert(0,'cellX')
>>> print(cells)
['cellX', 'cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC']

删除列表中的元素”del”

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']
>>> del cells[0]
>>> print(cells)
['cellB', 'cellC']
>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']
>>> del cells[-1]
>>> print(cells)
['cellA', 'cellB']

弹出列表中指定元素“pop()”

1
2
3
4
5
6
>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC']
>>> second_cell = cells.pop(1)
>>> print('The second cell is '+ second_cell + '.')
The second cell is cellB.
>>> print(cells)
['cellA', 'cellC'] #索引[1]被弹出后已自动从列表中删除

根据索引值删除列表中元素“remove()”

1
2
3
4
>>> cells = ['cellA','cellB','cellC','cellA']
>>> cells.remove('cellA')
>>> print(cells)
['cellB', 'cellC', 'cellA'] #revome只会删除第一个指定的值

永久性排序列表“sort()”

1
2
3
4
>>> cells = ['cellB','cellD','cellC','cellA']
>>> cells.sort()
>>> print(cells)
['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']

sort（reverse=True)可以反向排序

1
2
3
4
>>> cells = ['cellB','cellD','cellC','cellC']
>>> cells.sort(reverse=True)
>>> print(cells)
['cellD', 'cellC', 'cellC', 'cellB']

临时性排序列表”sorted()”

sorted不会永久改变列表顺序，只是临时的

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
>>> cells = ['cellB','cellD','cellC','cellA']
>>> print('original list is:');print(cells)
original list is:
['cellB', 'cellD', 'cellC', 'cellA']
>>> print('sorted list is:');print(sorted(cells))
sorted list is:
['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']
>>> print('original list is:');print(cells)
original list is:
['cellB', 'cellD', 'cellC', 'cellA']

反转列表”reverse”

1
2
3
4
5
6
>>> cells =['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']
>>> print(cells)
['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']
>>> cells.reverse()
>>> print(cells)
['cellD', 'cellC', 'cellB', 'cellA']

获取列表长度”len”

1
2
3
>>> cells =['cellA', 'cellB', 'cellC', 'cellD']
>>> len(cells)
4